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Project

Optimizing Tertiary Air Measurement for Stable Kiln and Calciner Operation

Background and Challenge

In modern cement pyroprocessing, the control of tertiary air plays a decisive role in kiln stability, calciner performance, and alternative fuel utilization. As plants increasingly operate with multi‑fuel strategies and higher thermal substitution rates, the need for accurate and reliable tertiary air flow measurement becomes critical.

The application environment presents some of the harshest conditions within the cement plant. High dust loads with elevated clinker concentrations, process gas temperatures reaching up to 1200 °C (≈ 2200 °F), and continuous 24/7 operation place extreme demands on any measurement technology. At the same time, operators require clear insight into how combustion air is distributed between the alternative fuel reactor and the kiln inlet.

Without accurate measurement, tertiary air control is often based on assumptions rather than actual flow data. This can lead to unstable combustion conditions, gas overfeeding, process imbalances, increased risk of incomplete combustion, and unplanned calciner or kiln disturbances. Precise and reliable tertiary air measurement is therefore essential to maintain balanced combustion, ensure energy efficiency, and support long‑term process optimization.

Measurement Requirements

An effective tertiary air measurement solution must meet several key requirements:

  • Deliver continuous, real‑time flow data under extreme temperatures and dust loading
  • Provide representative measurements despite complex duct geometries and turbulent flow
  • Operate without intrusive components that could suffer from wear, drift, or blockage
  • Require minimal maintenance and no frequent recalibration
  • Enable operators to make informed control decisions and damper adjustments

Meeting these requirements reliably over long production campaigns is not achievable with conventional point measurement or mechanical flow solutions.

The Solution: Promecon McON® IR Tertiary Air Measurement

To address these challenges, a digital tertiary air flow measurement system based on Promecon’s McON® IR infrared technology was implemented.

The system was installed in a rising section of the tertiary air duct (TAD), carefully selected to ensure representative and stable flow conditions. This installation strategy is critical for achieving accurate and repeatable measurements in high‑dust, high‑temperature environments.

Measurement Principle

The Promecon McON® IR system uses a non‑intrusive infrared measurement principle that determines gas velocity by detecting temperature fluctuations carried by the gas stream. Because no mechanical components extend into the process, the system is inherently resistant to abrasion, fouling, and drift.

The solution provides continuous real‑time measurement of:

  • Gas velocity (m/s)
  • Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)

This data gives operators direct visibility into actual tertiary air behavior, rather than inferred or calculated values.

Operational Integration and Control

With real‑time tertiary air flow data available, operators can actively manage air distribution between the kiln inlet and the alternative fuel combustion reactor. Precise damper adjustments become possible based on actual process conditions, enabling:

  • Optimized alternative fuel combustion
  • Balanced combustion air supply
  • Stable kiln and calciner operation under variable conditions

The availability of continuous data also improves process evaluation during load changes, fuel mix transitions, and startup or shutdown sequences.

Reliability in Harsh Environments

The McON® IR sensor design is engineered specifically for extreme cement plant environments. Its key features include:

  • Drift‑free measurement with no need for recalibration over the entire campaign
  • Zero mechanical wear, as no parts are exposed to the process
  • Permanent purge air supply, protecting sensor optics while maintaining measurement accuracy
  • No intrusive installation, reducing risk during operation and maintenance

These characteristics allow uninterrupted long‑term operation without mechanical intervention, making the solution well suited for continuous production environments.

Achieved Results

With reliable tertiary air measurement and control in place, plants implementing the Promecon McON® IR solution have achieved significant performance improvements, including:

  • Increased alternative fuel substitution rates
  • Up to 15 % improvement in specific energy consumption (GJ/t clinker) when combined with advanced multi‑fuel burner technology and intelligent expert systems
  • More stable kiln operation and improved calciner energy balance
  • Clear identification of damper aging effects and their impact on flow behavior, enabling proactive maintenance planning

These results demonstrate how accurate measurement forms the foundation for improved control, higher efficiency, and long‑term process stability.

Conclusion

In cement pyroprocessing, control challenges cannot be solved without accurate data. Reliable tertiary air flow measurement enables operators to move from estimation to precise control, supporting stable combustion, higher alternative fuel usage, and improved energy performance.

By leveraging the non‑intrusive, maintenance‑free capabilities of Promecon McON® IR, producers gain the confidence and insight needed to optimize one of the most critical airflow paths in the kiln system.

Better data leads to better decisions, and better performance.